IUCN Red List data observations

An unofficial, independent review to support data improvement · IUCN Red List version 2026-1

Synonym names with markup or unusual characters

Source: IUCN API (taxon synonyms) · 2,802 rows

The table below lists synonym names with a formatting problem other than whitespace: embedded HTML markup, a stray HTML entity, or curly quotes where straight quotes are the norm. Each row includes a cleaned suggestion. Ordinary accented letters are not treated as a problem; only characters that look like markup or an encoding mistake are flagged, and the summary keeps every check visible, including any that found nothing. The scientific name column shows the accepted taxon the synonym belongs to.

Why it matters

Markup and encoding artefacts in a synonym appear verbatim in search results and exports, and they stop the synonym from matching the clean text other databases hold. The second table shows how rare HTML is in this field, which is what makes the HTML-bearing names stand out as candidates to normalise.

Suggestion

Apply the cleaned suggestion: strip the markup, decode the stray entity, and replace typographic quotes with straight ones. Review case by case where a character may be intentional.

Issues by kind

Each kind is counted once per synonym and shown as a share of every synonym examined. Because one synonym can have several types of issue, the kinds may add up to more than the distinct total.

IssueSynonyms% of all synonyms
HTML markup5880.378%
HTML entity2,1781.4%
curly or typographic quotes360.023%
unusual character or encoding00%
Total (distinct synonyms)2,8021.801%

HTML in synonym names

Only 2,766 of 155,572 synonym names (1.778%) contain HTML; the field is overwhelmingly plain text. The HTML-bearing names are the outliers (the markup suggests text pasted from a formatted page) and are good candidates to normalise to plain text.

SynonymsCount% of all synonyms
Contains HTML markup or entities2,7661.778%
Plain text (no HTML)152,80698.222%

Preview

Accepted taxonSynonym (current)SuggestedIssue(s)StatusClassFamilySIS idAssessmentRed List
Mirogrex hulensisAcanthobrama·hulensis·(Goren,·Fishelson·&·Trewavas,·1973)Acanthobrama hulensis (Goren, Fishelson & Trewavas, 1973)HTML entityEXACTINOPTERYGIILEUCISCIDAE73135082235view
Acanthochelys spixiiEmys·depressa·Spix,·1824·[non·<i>Emys·depressa</i>·Merrem,·1820]Emys depressa Spix, 1824 [non Emys depressa Merrem, 1820]HTML markupLR/ntREPTILIACHELIDAE7697260200view
Abrothrix olivaceusAbrothrix·hershkovitzi·(Patterson,·Gallardo·&amp;·Freas,·1984)Abrothrix hershkovitzi (Patterson, Gallardo & Freas, 1984)HTML entityLCMAMMALIACRICETIDAE75122337955view
Pholidoscelis cineraceusAmeiva·cineracea·Barbour·&amp;·Noble,·1915Ameiva cineracea Barbour & Noble, 1915HTML entityEXREPTILIATEIIDAE1119121639617view
Pholidoscelis majorAmeiva·major·Duméril·&amp;·Bibron,·1839Ameiva major Duméril & Bibron, 1839HTML entityDDREPTILIATEIIDAE1120121642128view
Choranthias salmopunctatusAnthias·salmopunctatus·Lubbock·&amp;·Edwards,·1981Anthias salmopunctatus Lubbock & Edwards, 1981HTML entityLCACTINOPTERYGIIANTHIADIDAE161544876342view
Anatolichthys splendensAphanius·splendens·(Kosswig·&amp;·Sözer,·1945)Aphanius splendens (Kosswig & Sözer, 1945)HTML entityEXACTINOPTERYGIIAPHANIIDAE1848135082338view
Trimenia malagrida ssp. cedrusmontanaArgyrocupha·malagrida·ssp.·cedrusmontana·Dickson·&amp;·Stephen,·1975Argyrocupha malagrida ssp. cedrusmontana Dickson & Stephen, 1975HTML entityLCINSECTALYCAENIDAE2103180619609view
Trimenia malagrida ssp. maryaeArgyrocupha·malagrida·ssp.·maryae·Dickson·&amp;·Henning,·1980Argyrocupha malagrida ssp. maryae Dickson & Henning, 1980HTML entityNEINSECTALYCAENIDAE21049244661view
Ateles geoffroyi ssp. ornatusAteles·geoffroyi·ssp.·panamensis·Kellogg·&amp;·Goldman,·1944Ateles geoffroyi ssp. panamensis Kellogg & Goldman, 1944HTML entityVUMAMMALIAATELIDAE228917979560view
Paradactylodon persicusIranodon·persicus·(Eiselt·&amp;·Steiner,·1970)Iranodon persicus (Eiselt & Steiner, 1970)HTML entityNTAMPHIBIAHYNOBIIDAE266586081638view
Paradactylodon gorganensisIranodon·gorganensis·(Clergue-Gazeau·&amp;·Thorn,·1979)Iranodon gorganensis (Clergue-Gazeau & Thorn, 1979)HTML entityCRAMPHIBIAHYNOBIIDAE26669466224view
Arubolana aruboidesBermudalana·aruboides·Bowman·&amp;·Iliffe,·1983Bermudalana aruboides Bowman & Iliffe, 1983HTML entityCRMALACOSTRACACIROLANIDAE27659478919view
Tetrix transsylvanicaUvarovitettix·transsylvanicus·(Bazyluk·&amp;·Kis,·1960)Uvarovitettix transsylvanicus (Bazyluk & Kis, 1960)HTML entityENINSECTATETRIGIDAE2805177244610view
Bermudagidiella bermudiensisBogidiella·bermudensis·Stock,·Sket·&amp;·Iliffe,·1987·[orth.·error]Bogidiella bermudensis Stock, Sket & Iliffe, 1987 [orth. error]HTML entityCRMALACOSTRACABOGIDIELLIDAE28479487733view

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